Every business assumes their documents are basically standard. Nobody's are. These six problems account for most of the work in any extraction project.
01No two suppliers agree
Forty vendors, forty layouts. The total sits bottom-right on one, top-left on another, and is labelled "Amount Due", "Balance", "Total Payable" or nothing at all.
Why it matters: template-based tools break the moment a supplier redesigns.
02Half of them are photographs
A phone picture of a receipt taken at an angle, in bad light, slightly creased. Perfectly readable by a person, considerably harder for software.
Mitigation: de-skew, enhance, and lower confidence rather than guess.
03Tables are a genuine problem
Line items spanning pages, merged cells, subtotals mid-table, a column that only exists on some invoices. Naive text extraction turns this into unusable soup.
Reality: line-item extraction is roughly twice the work of header fields.
04Handwriting still exists
Delivery notes, job sheets, signed forms. Accuracy on handwriting is far below print, and it varies wildly between one person's writing and another's.
Approach: extract, but assume a person confirms.
05The same document arrives twice
Emailed, then posted, then re-sent because nobody replied. Detecting that three files are one invoice is its own problem, and paying twice is expensive.
Needed: deduplication before anything reaches your ledger.
06Right shape, wrong meaning
A date read as 03/04 could be March or April. A total read correctly but assigned to the wrong currency. The extraction was accurate and the record is still wrong.
Fix: validation rules, not better reading.